The mean annual temperature of Nuwaraeliya, at 1800 m sea level, is 15.9 ☌. In the highlands, the temperature falls quickly as the altitude increases. In the lowlands, up to and altitude of 100 m to 150 m, the mean annual temperature various between 26.5 ☌ to 28.5 ☌, with an annual temperature of 27.5 ☌. The mean annual temperature in Sri Lanka manifests largely homogeneous temperatures in the low lands and rapidly decreasing temperatures in the highlands. The mean monthly temperatures differs slightly depending on the seasonal movement of the sun, with some modified influence caused by rainfall. Regional differences observed in air temperature over sri lanka are mainly due to altitude, rather than to latitude. The mean annual rainfall varies from under 900mm in the driest parts (southeastern and northwestern) to over 5000mm in the wettest parts (western slopes of the central highlands). Monsoonal, Convectional and depressional rain accounts for a major share of the annual rainfall. Rainfall in Sri Lanka has multiple origins. These topographical features strongly affect the spatial patterns of winds, seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and other climatic elements, particularly during the monsoon season. The remainder of the island is practically flat except for several small hills that rise abruptly in the lowlands. The core regions of the central highlands contain many complex topographical features such as ridges, peaks, plateaus, basins, valleys and escarpments. The central part of the southern half of the island is mountainous with heights more then 2.5 Km.
Climate is the sum of atmospheric elements (and their variations), solar radiation, temperature, humidity, clouds and precipitation (type, frequency, and amount), atmospheric pressure, and wind (speed and direction).ĭue to the location of Sri Lanka, within the tropics between 5° 55' to 9° 51' North latitude and between 79° 42' to 81° 53' East longitude, the climate of the island could be characterized as tropical.
Climate is defined as the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location over a long period of time (from one month to many millions of years, but generally 30 years).